Biochar can add moisture and fertility of agricultural land and can exist thousands of years in the ground when used for the reduction of CO2 emissions. Global warming due to increased emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases have seized the attention of the world lately. Along with global warming, climate change also occurs, which supported the frequency of climate anomalies such as El Nino causes droughts or La-Nina who encouraged the occurrence of floods.
Reforestation and afforestation efforts to reduce the CO2 content of the air could not be expected to reduce the impact of the global climate. The binding of carbon (carbon sequestration) of agricultural land through the improvement of management practices is one of the main options to reduce emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere. Increased carbon content in soil with the use of ground cover plants, adding mulch, compost or manure managed to improve the productivity of the soil, nutrient supply to the plants, contributing to rapid nutrient cycles, and hold the mineral fertilizer provided. However, the short-term nature of especially in the tropics, because the process of decomposition takes place quickly that organic materials undergo decomposition and mineralization into CO2 within just a few seasons. Therefore the addition of organic matter to be made each year to sustain soil productivity.
Black carbon (C), referred to as biochar, can overcome some limitations in carbon management. The fact that there is, and a variety of research results, pointed out that biochar may add moisture and fertility of agricultural land. In addition, in the context of the reduction of CO2 emissions in the land of ' biochar ' persistent even reported to thousands of years.
Increasing the motivation of the public against the use of organic agricultural ingredients makes the discussion and evaluation of biochar become nore relevant, both as a commodity economy and as a multi-use soil amendment. In soil, biochar provides good habitat for microbes, but not consumed like other organic materials. In the long term ' biochar ' doesn't interfere carbon-nitrogen balance, even able to hold water and nutrients and made more available to plants.
Application of biochar into the soil is new and unique approach to making a container (sink) for atmospheric CO2 in terrestrial ecosystems long term. In the making process, about 50% of the carbon in the raw material will be contained in biochar, then the biological decomposition of biochar, usually less than 20% after 5-10 years.
In addition to reducing emissions and increasing the binding of a greenhouse gas, soil fertility and crop production can also be improved. The two main potential biochar for agriculture is a high affinity of nutrient elements and its endurance. Biochar is more endurance in soils, so all the benefits associated with nutrient retention and soil fertility can run longer than any other organic material normally given.
The endurance of biochar become best choice for reducing the impacts of climate change. Although it can be a source of alternative energy, the benefits of biochar is much greater if it is immersed into the ground in realizing environment-friendly agriculture.
The base material used will affect the properties of biochar itself and have different effects on the productivity of the soil and plants. Raw material production of biochar are mostly agricultural or forestry biomass residues, including pieces of wood, coconut shell, empty fruit bunches, cob corn & rice husks or skin fruit nuts, bark-bast, remnants of a logging business, as well as the organic material the other remakes. Integration of bioenergy production, sustainable agriculture and waste management into an approach in the use of biochar; It is a synergistic effort management and integrated.
The addition of biochar to soil increases availability of major cations and posfor, a total of N and soil cation exchange capacity and finally improving the results. The high availability of nutrient for plants was the result of the increased nutrients directly from the biochar, increased nutrient retention, and change the dynamics of soil microbes. Long-term gains for the availability of nutrients is related to the organic carbon stabilization higher along with the release of nutrient slower than organic material is used.
The role of biochar to the increasing productivity of crops affected by the amount added. Dosage of 0.4 to 8 t C ha-1 was reported to be significantly increases the productivity of between 20-220%. As a simple picture, the production of 50 million tons of grain annually participated generated about 60 million tons is "waste" (straw and rice husks) that can be processed into biochar.
Reforestation and afforestation efforts to reduce the CO2 content of the air could not be expected to reduce the impact of the global climate. The binding of carbon (carbon sequestration) of agricultural land through the improvement of management practices is one of the main options to reduce emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere. Increased carbon content in soil with the use of ground cover plants, adding mulch, compost or manure managed to improve the productivity of the soil, nutrient supply to the plants, contributing to rapid nutrient cycles, and hold the mineral fertilizer provided. However, the short-term nature of especially in the tropics, because the process of decomposition takes place quickly that organic materials undergo decomposition and mineralization into CO2 within just a few seasons. Therefore the addition of organic matter to be made each year to sustain soil productivity.
Black carbon (C), referred to as biochar, can overcome some limitations in carbon management. The fact that there is, and a variety of research results, pointed out that biochar may add moisture and fertility of agricultural land. In addition, in the context of the reduction of CO2 emissions in the land of ' biochar ' persistent even reported to thousands of years.
Increasing the motivation of the public against the use of organic agricultural ingredients makes the discussion and evaluation of biochar become nore relevant, both as a commodity economy and as a multi-use soil amendment. In soil, biochar provides good habitat for microbes, but not consumed like other organic materials. In the long term ' biochar ' doesn't interfere carbon-nitrogen balance, even able to hold water and nutrients and made more available to plants.
Application of biochar into the soil is new and unique approach to making a container (sink) for atmospheric CO2 in terrestrial ecosystems long term. In the making process, about 50% of the carbon in the raw material will be contained in biochar, then the biological decomposition of biochar, usually less than 20% after 5-10 years.
In addition to reducing emissions and increasing the binding of a greenhouse gas, soil fertility and crop production can also be improved. The two main potential biochar for agriculture is a high affinity of nutrient elements and its endurance. Biochar is more endurance in soils, so all the benefits associated with nutrient retention and soil fertility can run longer than any other organic material normally given.
The endurance of biochar become best choice for reducing the impacts of climate change. Although it can be a source of alternative energy, the benefits of biochar is much greater if it is immersed into the ground in realizing environment-friendly agriculture.
The base material used will affect the properties of biochar itself and have different effects on the productivity of the soil and plants. Raw material production of biochar are mostly agricultural or forestry biomass residues, including pieces of wood, coconut shell, empty fruit bunches, cob corn & rice husks or skin fruit nuts, bark-bast, remnants of a logging business, as well as the organic material the other remakes. Integration of bioenergy production, sustainable agriculture and waste management into an approach in the use of biochar; It is a synergistic effort management and integrated.
The addition of biochar to soil increases availability of major cations and posfor, a total of N and soil cation exchange capacity and finally improving the results. The high availability of nutrient for plants was the result of the increased nutrients directly from the biochar, increased nutrient retention, and change the dynamics of soil microbes. Long-term gains for the availability of nutrients is related to the organic carbon stabilization higher along with the release of nutrient slower than organic material is used.
The role of biochar to the increasing productivity of crops affected by the amount added. Dosage of 0.4 to 8 t C ha-1 was reported to be significantly increases the productivity of between 20-220%. As a simple picture, the production of 50 million tons of grain annually participated generated about 60 million tons is "waste" (straw and rice husks) that can be processed into biochar.
Basically there are two
torrefaction technology in use today, namely the direct heating and
indirect heating. Direct heating is
torrefaction technology with direct heating by
using the unit operation (process equipment),
among others, with non-oxygen gas loop with exchanger using a
moving bed, drum,
vibrating belt, multiple heart furnace or
using a low-oxygen
gas loop linked
to the burner using
a tunnel or
moving bed. While the indirect heating included
using advanced drying technology
and retort heating
as did JF BioCarbon. A number of technology providers are
competing to design an effective
and efficient process
so that meet benefit greatly. The use of indirect heating
such as JF BioCarbon
uses a vacuum
process and operating
conditions are easier to control.
